钙镁肥配施对苹果树叶片和果实营养元素含量及病果率影响

The Effect of Different Calcium and Magnesium Fertilizer Treatment on Apple Fruit Nutrient Content and Rate of Disease

对大连瓦房店地区10 a树龄红富士苹果树进行不同的钙、镁肥的施肥处理,在喷与不喷硫酸镁溶液的基础上分别进行硝酸钙土施和喷施以及氨基酸钙喷施,探讨苹果叶片和果实营养元素含量及苹果"苦痘病"病果率状况。结果表明:钙的不同施肥方式和不同钙镁组合处理对苹果树各器官营养元素以及病果率影响差异很大。单独施钙和钙镁配合施用均不同程度提高了叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量,而单施镁会降低营养枝叶片中Ca含量。Ca、Mg单施和配施均显著提高了果实中的P含量;Ca对苹果果实N吸收累积具有抑制作用;而Mg则有促进作用。与CK比较,单施Mg处理使得病果率提高了9.5%;单施Ca处理较Ca、Mg配施防病效果更明显。各施钙处理均显著降低了苹果"苦痘病"发病率;不施Ca、Mg处理病果率为4.2%,喷施氨基酸钙、硝酸钙和土施硝酸钙处理病果率分别为0.9%、1.4%、1.2%,病果率依次降低了79%、67%、71%;在施钙的基础上加施硫酸镁后病果率分别为1.9%、2.4%、2.2%,病果率依次降低55%4、3%、48%。钙肥处理以氨基酸钙肥喷施效果最好,而镁肥会加重苹果"苦痘病"的发病率。

Took 10 years Fuji apple trees in Wafangdian region of Dalian for the different calcium and magnesium fertilizer treatments,basing on the spray and non-spray of magnesium sulfate solution,calcium nitrate soil application and spraying calcium nitrate and amino acid calcium respectively,discussed the nutrient content of leaves and fruits and the rate of apple ＂bitter pit disease＂.The results showed that calcium and magnesium in different fertilizer application methods and different combination of treatment on the various organs of apple trees,the rate of nutrient elements as well as the impact of fruit disease very greatly.With the application of calcium singlely and conbine calcium and magnesium increased content of N,P,K,Ca,Mg in leaves in varying degrees,while the single application of magnesium will reduce the nutrient content of leaves and branches.apply Ca,Mg singlely and compounded increased the P content of the fruits significantly;Ca make the uptake and accumulation on apple fruit but the inhibition of N,while Mg took a promote role.Comparing with CK,single application of Mg treatment made the rate of fruit disease increased by 9.5%;single application of Ca compared with Ca,Mg fertilizer compounded was more effective in disease prevention.All the calcium treatment reduced the Apple ＂bitter pit disease＂ incidence rate significantly;without added Ca,Mg fertilizer,the rate of illness fruit was 4.2%.spraying amino acid calcium,calcium nitrate and calcium nitrate soil treatment,the illness fruit rates respectively was 0.9%,1.4%,1.2%,the rate of reduction was 79%,67%,71%;on the basis of calcium application adding magnesium application the rate of fruit disease was 1.9%,2.4%,2.2%,rates of illness fruit decreased 55%,43%,48%.Spraying amino acid calcium fertilizer was best in the calcium fertilizer to decrease the rate of fruite disease,while the magnesium fertilizer will increase incidence of apple＇s ＂bitter pit disease＂.