苦苣苔科植物传粉生物学研究进展

Study Advance on Pollination Biology of Gesneriaceae

根据苦苣苔科植物的地域分布,可将其分为新热带苦苣苔科植物和旧热带苦苣苔科植物。新热带苦苣苔科植物传粉媒介主要为脊椎动物,旧热带苦苣苔科植物的传粉媒介主要为无脊椎动物。据报道,蜂类、蜂鸟、蝙蝠等可为苦苣苔科植物传粉;不同的传粉媒介选择并适应不同的传粉特征,尤其是花部特征,其中蜜腺花蜜含量及其组成与传粉者的行为特征密切相关。而且,有的苦苣苔科植物具有雄蕊先熟或雌蕊先熟、镜像花柱等特殊现象,从而有效地避免自花传粉。但是,在恶劣环境下,为了能维持种的生存与发展,苦苣苔科的某些植物也会进行自花传粉。

According to the distribution of Gesneriaceae,it can be divided into two groups,neotropic Gesneriaceae and paleotropic Gesneriaceae.The mainly pollinators of neotropic Gesneriaceae are vertebrates,while the pollinators of paleotropic Gesneriaceae were invertebrates.As reported by some studies,bees,hummingbirds and bats act as vectors of pollen for plants from Gesneriaceae.Plants pollinated by different vectors had different pollination syndromes,especially the floral traits.Pollinators were also related with the volume and composition of nectar,which were in accordance with the habits of pollinators.To avoid self-pollination,some Gesneriaceae plants have developed mechanisms,such as protandry,protogyny and enantiostyly.However,these plants also take self-pollination,especially in harsh environment.