广东罗浮山珍稀濒危植物多样性及格木群落特征

Species Diversity of Wild Rare and Endangered Plants and Characteristics of Erythrophleum fordii Community on Luofushan,Guangdong

在对罗浮山自然保护区进行多次野外调查的基础上,统计出罗浮山有珍稀濒危野生植物、国家重点保护野生植物共23种(有7种相同),其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物14种,粗齿桫椤为新记录;16种珍稀濒危野生植物中,吊皮锥、白桂木和沉水樟为新记录。根据IUCN评价标准,罗浮山的金毛狗属易受害类;黑桫椤和华南锥为濒危灭绝类;其余20种为濒临灭绝类。罗浮山有濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约种27种,其中兰科植物18属23种。应用样方法研究了格木群落和种群年龄结构特征,结果表明群落中有维管植物31科41属45种,格木种群的年龄结构趋于衰退。对珍稀濒危植物的保护应采取就地保护,辅以人工繁殖、抚育等措施。

Based on data of the field surveying for several times on Luofushan Nature Reserve, 23 species of rare and endangered plants and national key protected wild plants （7 species were the same） were found on the region. Among them, there were 14 species of national key protected （ grade Ⅱ ） wild plants, Gymnosphaera hancockii was newly recorded on the area. Meanwhile, there were 16 species of rare and endangered plants; Castanopsis kawakamii, Artocarpus hypargyreus, and Cinnamomum micranthum were newly recorded on the area. According to the IUCN valuation standard, Cibotium barometz on Luofushan belonged to NT; G. podophylla and Castanopsis concinna belonged to EN; and the others belonged to CR. There were 27 speices belonging to the CITES on Luofushan, 23 species of which belonged to Orchidaceae. By using the quardat method, the characteristics of community and population age structure of Erythrophleum fordii were investigated. There were 45 vascular plant species within the community, and the population age structure showed a decline trend. For protecting the wild rare and endangered plants, some measure should be taken, including in situ protection, and ex situ plantation by artificial reproduction.