中国官僚政治的涵义、功用、表征及影响述论

A Discourse on the Connotation,Function,Characterization and Influence of the Chinese Bureaucratic Politics

中国传统社会的政治不是民主政治,不是民本政治,不是公民政治,而是一种官僚政治。官僚政治是专制制度的副产物和补充物,专制制度是官僚政治的社会体制上的根源。中国官僚政治的表征为:以小农自然经济、儒家思想、两税制、科举制为支撑;听命于专制皇权;人治是其固有的基本特征和规律;它是特权政治,具有延续性、包容性和贯彻性,具有极强的"亲和力"。在历史影响上,官僚政治直接造成"官"与"民"的对立,造成官本位意识的严重泛滥,造成权力拜物教的盛行。

Politics in traditional Chinese society is neither democratic politics, nor people-basis politics, or citizen politics, but a bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is the by-product and supplement of authoritarian regime, which is the root of bureaucracy in aspect of social system. Characterizations of the Chinese bureaucracy are as follows：taking small-peasant natural economy, Confucianism, two-tax system and imperial examination system as its sustentation; taking orders from the autocratic monarchy; the rule of individual is its inherent basic characteristic and law; it is the privilege politics with continuity, inclusiveness and consistency, and it has a strong ＂affinity＂. As for the historical influence, bureaucracy directly led to the opposition between ＂official＂ and ＂the people＂, which caused the serious overflowing of official oriented consciousness and the prevalence of fetishism of power.