氮肥对不同质地土壤棉花养分动态积累与氮素利用率的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Applied Levels on the Dynamics of Biomass,Nitrogen Accumulation of Cotton Plant in Different Soil Textures

以南疆生态条件为背景,在不同质地土壤上(砂壤土、重壤土)对不同氮素水平(0、105、210、315、420 kg hm-2氮)处理下的棉花养分积累与利用进行了大田试验,结果表明棉株养分积累符合Logistic曲线模型,不同质地土壤上棉花养分累积量为钾>氮>磷;相同处理条件下砂壤土棉株氮、磷、钾的积累量高于重壤土。在棉株氮、磷、钾的积累过程中,氮和钾的快速积累期和最大积累速率出现早,而磷则出现较晚。砂壤土、重壤土试点上分别以315 kg hm-2、210 kg hm-2氮素的棉株氮、磷、钾积累量最大,其动态积累模型的特征参数最协调,皮棉产量最高。因此可以通过的施肥量调节现蕾后棉株养分积累特征值以获得高产。

A field experiment with two soil textures（sandy loam and clay loam） and different levels of nitrogen application（0,105,210,315 and 420 kg hm^-2） were conducted to study the dynamic characteristics of accumulation of nutrient of cotton plant under the background of ecology in south of Xinjiang.The results showed that the total nutrient accumulation of cotton were in line with the Logistic model.Nutrients cumulant of cotton were for K〉 N〉 P on different texture soils.Under the same treatments,cumulative weight of N,P and K on sandy loam were higher than that on clay loam.N,P and K accumulation process in cotton,the N and K rapid accumulation period and the maximum accumulation rate appeared earlier,and rapid accumulation period and the maximum rate of P emerged lately.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen uptake firstly increase,and then reach its highest value at 315 kg hm^-2 on sandy loam and 210 kg hm^-2 on clay loam.The eigenvalues of the dynamic accumulation model with the nitrogen application level of 315 kg hm^-2 and 210 kg hm^-2 on sandy loam and clay loam,respectively,were more harmonious than that with other treatments.Eigenvalues of nutrient accumulation of cotton can be changed to obtain high yield by adjusting fertilizer applied after squaring.