河北清苑县冬小麦土壤速效氮、磷、钾丰缺指标的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Abundance and Deficiency Index of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for the Wheat Soil at Qingyuan in Hebei

通过对清苑县小麦/玉米轮作体系中布设氮磷钾区(NPK)、无氮区(PK)、无磷区(NK)、无钾区(NP)和无肥区(CK)田间肥料试验,确定土壤氮、磷、钾的丰缺指标。研究结果表明,土壤碱解氮:<60 mg kg-1极低,60～100 mg kg-1为低,100～125 mgkg-1为中,125～160 mgkg-1为高,>160 mgkg-1极高;土壤速效磷:<11 mgkg-1为极低,11～20 mgkg-1为低,20～26 mgkg-1为中,26～34 mgkg-1为高,>34 mgkg-1极高;土壤速效钾:<82 mgkg-1为极低,82～109 mgkg-1为低,109～127 mg kg-1为中等,127～147 mg kg-1为高,>147 mg kg-1极高。根据建立的丰缺指标分析评价清苑县土壤养分状况,初步明确了该县土壤碱解氮处于低等水平;南北部的速效磷含量偏高,中部偏低;速效钾总体处于中低水平。对该县配方施肥的试验结果表明,氮、磷、钾配施平均增产6.2～8.5%,低产田增产最明显,中产田次之,而高产田增产最少。

Through wheat/corn rotation system in Qingyuan county laid the nitrogen phosphorus potassium area,the non-nitrogen area（PK）,the non-phosphorus area（NK）,the non-potassium area（NP） and not fat area（CK） fertilizer field tests,made sure the abundance and deficiency index of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The results indicated that soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen： 〈60 mg kg^-1 lower,60-100 mg kg^-1 low,100-125 mg kg^-1 middle,125-160 mg kg^-1 high,160 mg kg^-1 higher;available phosphorus： 〈11 mg kg^-1 lower,11-20 mg kg^-1 low,20-26 mg kg^-1 middle,26-34 mg kg^-1 high,〉34 mg kg^-1 higher;available potassium： 〈82 mg kg^-1 lower,82-109 mg kg^-1 low,109-127 mg kg^-1 middle,127-147 mg kg^-1 high,〉147 mg kg^-1 higher.According to established abundance and deficiency index to analyze and evaluate the status of Qingyuan soil nutrient,it was found that soil alkaline hydrolysis N in the country was in low level,available P was in high level in the south and north area,in low level in the middle area,available K is in middle-low level.The results which formula fertilization by soil testing of the country showed that formula fertilization could improved the yield 6.2%-8.5%,wheat yield was significantly increased in low level yield fields,followed by middle level yield fields,and wheat yield was at least increased in high level yield fields.