大豆产量及其相关数量性状关系的分析

Research on the Relationship between Soybean Yield and its Related Quantitative Character

[目的]为提高大豆新品种(系)农艺性状的选择效率提供帮助,为区域性大豆品种更新和筛选及高产栽培工作提供理论依据。[方法]以12个春大豆新品种(系)为材料,对主要农艺性状进行遗传变异分析、简单相关分析和主成分分析。[结果]大豆有效分枝数的变异系数最大,为61.64%,生育天数的变异系数最小,为3.33%;产量与单株粒数、百粒重呈极显著正相关,与单株荚数、株高、有效分枝数、主茎节数呈正相关,与生育天数、结荚高呈负相关;从主成分分析看,前4个主成分的累积贡献率达94.356 7%。[结论]有效分枝、单株荚数、单株粒数、主茎节数、百粒重、结荚高、株高的变异系数较大;大豆产量和单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒重密切相关;产量的构成主要性状有单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重、结荚高、株高、单株粒重、每荚粒数。在选择大豆品种时应注意产量高和生育期、株高适中的品种,要着重对第1、2、3主成分的综合性选择。

[Objective]The theoretical basis of the renew and breeding of regional soybean variety and its high-yielding cultivation was provided so that the screening efficiency of the elite agronomic traits of soybean variety（line） would be enhanced.[Method]12 spring soybean varieties（lines） being taken as the experimental material,the analysis of the genetic variation,simple correlation and principal component of their main agronomic traits were conducted.[Results]The largest variation coefficient of the number of effective soybean branch was 61.64% and the smallest variation coefficient of the number of fertility day was 3.33%.The soybean yield was significant positive correlation with the number of grain per plant and 100-grain weight;positive correlation with the number of pod per plant,the plant height,the number of effective branch and the number of node in main stem;and negative correlation with the day of growth duration and the height of bottom pod.From the viewpoint of principal component analysis,the cumulative contribution rate of the first 4 principal components was 94.356 7%.[Conclusion]The number of effective branch,the number of pod per plant,the number of grain per plant,the number of node in main stem,100-grain weight,the height of bottom pod and plant height were with relatively larger variation coefficient.The soybean yield was closely related to the number of pod per plant,the number of grain per pod and grain weight per plant and the character consisting of its yield mainly was the number of pod per plant,the number of grain per plant,100-grain weight,the height of bottom pod,the plant height,the grain weight per plant and the number of grain per pod.Attention to the character of high yield,growth duration and plant height of soybean in its variety breeding and selection should been paid,especially in the comprehensive selection of the first three principal component.