中国哲学研究中的“范畴错误”

"Category-mistake"in the Studies of the Chinese Philosophy

在现代中国哲学研究中，常见研究者区分一个古代哲学概念的各种含义，如冯友兰在《中国哲学史》中将“天”这个概念区分为“物质之天”、“主宰之天”、“运命之天”、“自然之天”和“义理之天”。（冯友兰，2000年，上册，第35页）这种做法非常普遍，尤其是对那些中国古代哲学的基本范畴和概念，如“道”、“气”、“理”等。例如，在张立文主编的《中国哲学范畴精粹丛书》的《道》分册中，

In the study of the Chinese philosophy,people often distinguish different implications of a concept of ancient philosophy. It seems very reasonable,but actually not. Philosophical concepts or categories are not arbitrary signs or symbols,but fundamental determinations of things. They are formed in history and themselves historical and structural determinations of meanings of things. If we merely take the categorical concepts as common concepts and analyze their different implications,without regarding these different implications as different interpretations of meaning in the same field of meaning,we would not only make a category-mistake logically,but misunderstand matters in actual understanding as well.