层次与断阶——叠置式音变与扩散式音变的交叉与区别

Strata and steps-broken: The overlap and differences between external phonological superposition and internal phonological diffusion

首先,作者分析了吴语蟹开一二(咍泰皆佳)的分合关系及各韵类的不同语体色彩和异读比例。分析表明,外来音系引发的层次叠置与方言音系自发的扩散式音变可以在同一时期、相同的古音类范围内并行,且外来层次的竞争会迫使扩散式音变中断而造成演变的"断阶"。其次,作者分析了有关吴语蟹开一二历时进程的其他几种可能方案的缺陷,论证了区分外来层次叠置和自发扩散式音变断阶的必要性。最后,作者提出了区分层次和断阶可资利用的几种线索。

This paper analyzes the rhyme groups derived from MC (middle Chinese) first and second grades of Xie(蟹) group in Wu dialects, and the ratio of different styles or variant pronunciations of these rhyme groups. It shows the both types of phonological changes, strata caused by external phonological superposition vs. internal phonological diffusion, can codevelop in the same time and in the same MC phonological groups, and the competition from the external phonological system would cause the internal phonology's diffusion to be step-broken. It also points out the problems in other historical paths of MC first and second grades of Xie group in Wu dialects, and the necessity of giving a distinction between the external phonological superposition and the internal phonological diffusion. Finally, it provides clues to distinguish both phonological changes.