零形式和零成分的确立条件

On the conditions for setting up zero element in linguistic analysis

本文首先简述零形式这个概念的历史渊源,包括在梵语语法中的肇始、在现代语言学价值理论中站住脚跟、在Bloom field(1933)等描写语法中的尝试和在Harris(1942,1946,1951)、Hockett(1947,1954)、Bloch(1947)等后期结构语法中的过度使用。特别介绍Nida(1948)、Lounsbury(1953)和Haas(1962)的反思和批判。然后,在Nida(1948)、Lounsbury(1953)和Haas(1962)的基础上略加发挥,仔细分析人们曾经提出过的各种零形式的语法功能,说明作为一种本体论的许诺或方法论的策略,可以承认凡是符合一一对应原理、具有对立功能的零形式都可以确立为一种零成分。

This paper first makes a brief review of the history of the notion zero,which includes its origin in the Sanskrit Grammar,the acceptance of it in the modern linguistics value system,the first attempt to use it in the American descriptive linguistics,as well as the overuse of it in the post-structural grammar. Also examined are the criticisms about its abuse. Benefiting from Haas (1962) in particular,this paper analyses the function of the various zero elements proposed by linguists,and demonstrates that as an ontological commitment or a methodological policy,we can establish the concept of zero element under the principle of one to one correspondence.