海藻酸盐微囊化人工细胞研究面临的挑战与进展

Challenges and advancements of alginate-based encapsulated artificial cells

移植微囊化的同种来源、异种来源的细胞或基因工程化细胞可以较为有效的避免细胞体内移植后引发的免疫排斥反应,微囊化人工细胞在各种疾病或代谢功能失调的治疗上具有广阔的应用前景。其技术原理是将外来细胞包裹于具有免疫隔离功能的膜内使其发挥正常生理功能,其中,海藻酸盐微囊化人工细胞研究历史最长,技术最为成熟,有望最先实现产业化和临床应用。近年来,海藻酸盐微囊化人工细胞研究取得了明显进展,尽管如此,微囊化人工细胞产品进入临床应用前还面临诸多挑战,如制囊材料的选择和标准化、微囊化细胞供养不足、免疫应答对微囊的破坏作用等等。本文就海藻酸盐微囊化人工细胞研究取得的主要进展和面临的一系列挑战进行综述。

Transplantation of encapsulated cells of allo-or xenogenic origin is an an effective way to avoid posttransplantation immunologic rejection.Therefore,encapsulated artificial cell is fairly promising in its application to the treatments of various diseases and metabolism disorders.The principle is to encapsulate foreign cells in membranes capable of immunoisolation,so as to sustain their normal physiological biological functions.Alginate-based encapsulation of artificial cells is the longest historically and most sophisticated technologically,hence the probable first in industrialization and clinical applications.Recently,significant progress has been made in the regard.However,a series of challenges still stand on its way to clinical application,such as：selection and standardization of the encapsulating materials,shortage of nutrient substance supply,katogenes by immunological response etc.The advancements of alginate-based encapsulated of artificial cells research and the series of challenges it facing with are reviewed below.