旋转黑子的太阳周时间延迟研究

Solar-cycle Time Delay of Rotating Sunspots

统计结果显示23周旋转黑子的纬度随时间的变化呈蝴蝶图分布.对23周旋转黑子蝴蝶图和黑子蝴蝶图两翼的4条拟合曲线间的均方差随相位变化进行研究的结果表明:黑子蝴蝶图南北半球之间、旋转黑子蝴蝶图南北半球之间以及在同一半球旋转黑子蝴蝶图和黑子蝴蝶图之间存在着系统的时间延迟.这说明:23周南北半球太阳黑子活动不是同时发生的,南半球和北半球之间存在着系统的时间延迟或提前(相位差),且是南半球滞后于北半球;23周旋转黑子蝴蝶图和黑子蝴蝶图之间存在着相位差,且是旋转黑子蝴蝶图滞后于黑子蝴蝶图,观测滞后值略小于发电机模型预言的理论值.

The statistical results indicate that the distribution of rotating sunspots varying with latitude and time in cycle 23 also shows the butterfly pattern. The changes of mean square errors among the four curve-fitting of second order for the two wings of the butterfly diagram of sunspots and the two wings of the butterfly diagram of rotating sunspots in cycle 23 with the phase are studied. The results are used to show a systematic time delay between northern and southern hemispheric sunspots activities in cycle 23, a systematic time delay between northern and southern hemispheric rotating sunspots activities in cycle 23, and a time delay between rotating sunspots and sunspots activities in the same hemispheres. It is confirmed that sunspots activity does not occur synchronously in the northern and south- ern hemispheres, and there is a systematic time lag or lead （phase shift） between northern and southern hemispheric sunspots activity in cycle 23, with southern hemispheric sunspots activity lagging behind northern hemispheric sunspots activity. It is also found that there is a phase shift between the butterfly diagram of rotating sunspots and the butterfly diagram of sunspots, with the butterfly diagram of rotating sunspots lagging behind the butterfly diagram of sunspots, and the lag is smaller than the theoretical result predicted by the solar dynamo model.