句末“没”从否定副词到疑问语气词的渐变

The Gradual Change of "Mei" at Sentence-end from Negative Adverb to Question Modal Particle

依据动态、发展的语言事实认为"没"可以用于疑问句末,表现为两个阶段,前期阶段用例较少;当代阶段用例越来越多。句末"没"型疑问句有自己的口语性、修辞性特色。大致的虚化路径是由"简单型句末反复问句"发展到句末"没有"型疑问句,再到句末"没"型疑问句。句末"没"型疑问句产生与形成揭示出,由否定到疑问语气的渐变历程从来都不是孤单进行的,这可以得到普、方、古等多重材料的证明。

Based on the dynamic and evolutionary linguistic facts, ＂mei＂ can be used at the end of an interrogative sentence. This usage underwent two stages： there were only a few examples in the early period, but many examples of such usage can be found in the contemporary peirod. Interrogative sentences ending with Mei have their own spoken and rhetorical characteristics. The virtual path follows more or less that of evolving from simple style of repeating at the end of the sentence to ＂meiyou＂ at the end of the sentence and then to ＂mei＂ at the end of the sentence. The formation of sentence-end ＂mei＂ interrogative sentences reveals that the evolutionary process from negative to interrogative modal never occurred in isolation. This can be proved by numerous texts from standard Mandarin, dialects and classical Chinese.