深海热液环境中的铁氧化菌及其矿化

Iron Oxidizing Bacteria and Its Biomineralization in Deep Sea Hydrothermal Environment

深海热液系统极端的物理化学条件蕴育了完全不依赖于太阳光的独特生态系统,化能自养型微生物是支撑这些生态系繁荣的初级生产者。铁氧化菌是海底热液环境中常见的化能自养微生物之一,能够从低价态铁氧化成高价态铁的化学反应中获取代谢能量。它们对海底金属元素的地球化学循环过程、金属矿床的形成和堆积以及丰富热液生态系统功能等有重要的影响。介绍了深海热液环境中存在的铁氧化菌,以及它们的分类、氧化机理和与之伴生的生物矿化现象。

The extreme physicochemical conditions of deep sea hydrothermal system have raised special ecosystem that barely depends on sunlight. This kind of ecology is supported by chemoautotrophic microorganisms,which are primary producers in hydrothermal system. Iron oxidizing bacteria is one of such microorganisms in seafloor hydrothermal environment,and they can gain energy through chemical reaction that oxidizes ferrous iron. They have important influence on the process of seafloor biogeochemical cycles,the formation of metal deposit and enrichment of the ecosystem functions in the deep sea hydrothermal environment. This paper is about the iron oxidizing bacteria that widely exist in deep sea hydrothermal environment,as well as their classification,mechanisms for oxidizing iron and the concomitant biomineralization phenomena.