中国作物秸秆资源评估研究现状

China’s crop residues resources evaluation

文中分析了中国的农作物秸秆资源量,对实现秸秆资源化具有重要意义。首先明确了秸秆的概念,即收获作物主产品之后所有大田剩余的副产物及主产品初加工过程产生的副产物,根据不同产出环节将秸秆分为田间秸秆和加工副产物。其次,阐述了秸秆评估的计算方法,给出了各种作物秸秆计算方法。第三,总结了近10年发表文献和作者近期研究对1991年以来中国秸秆资源量评估结果,对1991-1999年中国作物田间秸秆资源量评估的值多数为6.0～6.8亿t,对加工副产物资源量未见报道;对2000-2007年田间秸秆产量的评估的值多数为5.9～7.3亿t,作物加工副产物量为0.9～1.1亿t。第四,分析了对中国秸秆资源量评估值差异的原因等问题,包括以往研究作物秸秆的概念不明确,草谷比取值差异大而不符合当前作物生产现状,以及对于农作物产量的统计指标和产量构成认识不清楚等。第五,报道了作者以最近5年测定的各省作物收获指数,采用完全统计方法评估了2006-2007年中国作物秸秆量及其在8个地区的分布,结果表明秸秆资源总量为7.4亿t,包括6.5亿t田间秸秆和0.9亿t作物加工副产物。

The availability of crop residues in China is reviewed in this article. The definition of crop residues is clarified as the total byproducts of field production and processing industry thereafter, and methodology for evaluating crop residues is discussed. Based on litcrature, the progress on the crop residue assessment is addressed. The annual field crops residues in China from 1991 to 1999 were estimated between 6.0-6.8 hundred million tons, while the data for the process residues were not available. From 2000 to 2007, the annual crop residues were estimated between 5.9-7.3 hundred million tons, while the processing residues at the range of 0.9-1.1 hundred million tons. The reasons for the significant variations are due to the disagreement on crop residue definition, different, even inaccurate residue to grain ratio data used in the estimations, and the lacking of clear understanding on the statistical analysis and grain outputs related to the crop residue evaluation. With the complete statistic analysis method, the author＇s group evaluated the residues in 2006 and 2007 to be 7.4 hundred million tones in total, including 6.5 hundred million tons for field crop residues and 0.9 hundred million tons for process residues. Moreover, the geographic distribution of the field crop residues was analyzed based on the harvest indices （HI） tested within the near five years.