民事诉讼中的抗辩论析

On the Counterargument in the Civil Litigations

在民事诉讼中,抗辩特指被告为反驳原告所提诉讼请求而向受诉法院提出与原告所主张的请求原因事实两立的,并且能阻碍该事实的法律效果发生的事实之行为。抗辩可分为权利障碍抗辩、权利消灭抗辩、权利拒绝抗辩三种类型。这三种类型的抗辩在适用上各有其特质。无论哪种类型的抗辩,皆是被告对原告所主张的请求原因事实的附限制的自认,故抗辩具有免除原告对其所主张的请求原因事实的举证责任之机能。与此同时,抗辩又乃被告对另一法律要件事实之主张,故被告应对抗辩事实负举证责任。

In civil litigations, counterargument means that the defendant＇ s act is proposed to the court for retort of the plaintiff＇ s claim, which is compatible with the plaintiff＇ s claim about the facts of reason, and can prevent their legal effect. Counterargument can be divided into counterargument of right＇ s defend, counterargument of right＇ s elimination and counterargument of right＇ s refusal. The three kinds of counterarguments are of different natures in the application. No matter what kinds of counterargument are, they＇ re the admission with conditions to the plaintiff＇ s claim about facts of reason, so counterargument can prevent the burden of proof of the plaintiff. Meanwhile, counterargument is the claim of the defendant about another facts of legal requirements, so the defendant should bear the burden of proof about the facts of counterargument.