应用健康信念模式分析社会心理因素与军团菌病预防行为的关系

Association between psycho-social factors and behaviors in preventing Legionnaires′ diseases

目的探讨健康信念模式对社会心理因素与军团菌病预防行为的关系。方法在北京市西城区8家宾馆中随机选取从业人员440名进行问卷调查,回收问卷428份。数据处理采用Epidata3.02软件建立数据库,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果通径分析方法对校正后的健康信念模式进行分析的结果表明,4个信念变量中的知觉到严重性与军团菌病预防行为的关系无统计学意义,而知觉到易感性(py7=0.108,P=0.044),知觉到益处(py9=0.178,P=0.002)和知觉到障碍(py10=-0.234,P<0.001)分别与预防行为的关系有统计学意义。社会文化因素通过4个健康信念对行为的间接影响并不大。本研究新增加的社会文化因素对行为的直接影响的结果显示,军团菌病相关知识与预防行为的关系有统计学意义(py6=0.192,P<0.001)。结论校正后的健康信念模式能成功地解释社会心理因素与军团菌病预防行为关系。

Objective To analyze association between psycho-social factors and behaviors in preventing Legionnaires′ diseases.Methods Four hundred and forty employees of 8 guest houses were randomly selected for questionnaire survey from Xicheng district,Beijing.Data were collected and stored in EpiData 3.02,and statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0.Cross sectional path analysis was used to evaluate an adjusted health belief model.Results The preventive behaviors of Legionnaires′ disease had significant association with perceived susceptibility（py7=0.108,P=0.044）,perceived benefits（py9=0.178,P=0.002） and perceived barriers（py10=-0.234,P〈0.001）,while had no association with perceived severity of the disease.The knowledge of Legionnaires′ disease had significant influence on preventive behaviors（py6=0.192,P〈0.001）,while social and cultural factors had no indirect influence on the preventive behaviors through the 4 health beliefs.Conclusion The adjusted health belief model can explain the association of psycho-social factors and preventive behaviors related to Legionnaires′ diseases successfully.