基于覆盖度的区域疏散公交集结点选址研究

Public Transit Station Locations Based on Coverage in Regional Evacuation

由于中国特定国情,一旦发生突发灾害事件,需要协调组织大容量公共运输工具为主导方式完成紧急疏散。公交疏散集结点的合理位置和人员安排是实施全面快速高效疏散的首要保障,对其研究具有重要实践意义。本文针对城市突发灾害公交疏散,如何确定集结点最优位置等问题进行研究。提出基于疏散时间可靠性的覆盖度定义,以疏散需求的覆盖度最大化为目标,以疏散小区需求、集结点个数、容量限制等为约束条件,建立疏散集结点选址模型。将优化问题转化为混合整数线性规划问题,设计VC++界面快速求解方案。最后,通过长春市中心区实际数据,与传统最大覆盖选址模型进行对比,结果表明模型更加准确反映出需求覆盖度,具有很大优越性。

Because of basic conditions in China,public transit is an extremely versatile and flexible mode of transportation that can provide services to a great number of people in disaster situations.Public transit stations,whose reasonable location and arrangement primarily guarantees an overall,quick and efficient evacuation,so it is meaningful in practice.The research focuses on identifying optimal public transit station locations and personnel arrangements during emergency situations.Coverage definition based on time reliability proposed,a location model aims to maximize total coverage demands of evacuation zones,and constraint conditions are demand conservation,restricting the number and traffic capacity of the public transit station and so on.Public transit station location problem can be transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming.Also,a VC＋＋user interface is designed to find a high-quality solution in a reasonable time.Finally,a case study is conducted by the road network of Changchun city centre,comparing with traditional maximum cover location model,experimental results show that the proposed model to be superior can effectively response demand coverage of public transit station accurately.