细菌菌影在DNA疫苗研究中的作用

Research in Bacterial Ghost as DNA Vaccine Delivery System

免疫应答水平低下是制约DNA疫苗发展的一个障碍。细菌菌影(bacterialghost,BG)是利用φX174噬菌体的裂解蛋白将革兰氏阴性细菌裂解后形成的空腔,它保留了细菌结构的完整性,具有免疫佐剂的特性,可以作为递送载体,靶向性的将DNA疫苗导入到抗原递呈细胞,从而提高DNA疫苗的免疫应答水平,此外,装载核酸疫苗的细菌菌影可以通过多种方式进行免疫,例如,肌肉注射、皮下注射、口服、黏膜免疫等,更是从根本上提高了DNA疫苗的免疫水平,因此可以说BG是一个极具潜力的核酸疫苗递送载体。现就BG的特性及其在DNA疫苗递送载体中应用的最新进展做一综述。

Low immunization response is a major impediment for DNA vaccine development. Bacterial ghost （BG） is an empty gram-negative bacterial envelope generated by the controlled expression of the PhiX174 lysis gene. Since the native cell wall components are preserved during the formation of ghosts, BG keeps the natural intrinsic adjuvant properties and the structural integrity of bacteria that can elicit both humoral and cellular immune response. Besides, the sealed periplasmic space of BG can be used for loading DNA, which enables targeting delivery of DNA vaccine into antigen presentation cells. Furthermore, BG loaded with DNA vaccine can be administrated through various means, such as intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally and mucosally. Therefore, BG is a promising carrier system to highlight the use of DNA vaccine.The characteristics of BG and the role of BG as delivery carrier of DNA vaccine are discussed.