实现启蒙自身的启蒙——形而上学批判视域下的启蒙辩证法

For the Enlightenment of Enlightenment:Dialectics of Enlightenment in the Perspective of Metaphysics

本文试图在形而上学批判的视野下,在与否定辩证法的关联中来考察霍克海默、阿多尔诺的启蒙辩证法,以发现其中的肯定性要素。启蒙辩证法的批判性和影响力,主要在于其揭示了近代以来的启蒙运动的悖谬结局。但霍克海默、阿多尔诺并未满足于单纯否定性的结论,如果结合否定辩证法中阿多尔诺对形而上学的批判和拯救,就不难理解这一点。阿多尔诺的形而上学批判的目的乃是超越并拯救形而上学。在这一视野下来考察启蒙辩证法,就不会拘泥于一种纯粹否定和悲观的结论,而是要实现启蒙的内在超越,实现一种启蒙自身的启蒙。这便是启蒙辩证法中隐含的肯定性主题。

In the perspective of metaphysics,the paper studies Horkheimer and Adorno's dialectics of enlightenment in its correlation with negative dialectics in order to discover its positive elements.The critique and influence of the dialectics of enlightenment find expression in revealing the paradoxical outcome of the Enlightenment Movement since the early modern times.However,Horkheimer and Adorno are dissatisfied with the mere negative conclusions,which can be proved by Adorno's criticism and saving of metaphysics in terms of negative dialectics.With this understanding,the study of the dialectics of enlightenment should not be confined to a kind of pure negation or pessimistic conclusion but aims to achieve an inner transcendence for the enlightenment of enlightenment,which is the positive theme in the dialectics of enlightenment.