不同职业赴川救援人员替代性创伤及其相关研究

Research on Vicarious Traumatization of Rescuers in Sichuan and its Related Factors.

目的探讨职业对救援人员替代性创伤的影响,以及社会支持、应对方式与替代性创伤之间的关系。方法采用灾难救助者替代创伤问卷、社会支持量表、应对方式问卷对205名赴川救援人员进行调查。结果 1不同职业救援人员在认知反应(F=21.641,P<0.001)、情绪反应(F=4.217,P<0.01)、行为反应(F=3.347,P<0.05)、生理反应(F=6.572,P<0.001)及替代创伤总分(F=7.104,P<0.001)上存在显著差异,在生活信念因子上无显著差异;2替代创伤总分与社会支持总分(r=-0.202,P<0.01)、主观支持(r=-0.197,P<0.01)、积极应对(r=-0.249,P<0.01)存在显著负相关,与消极应对呈显著正相关(r=0.301,P<0.01);但只有消极应对在回归方程中具有统计学意义(t=2.516,P<0.05)。结论学生和其他类志愿者创伤程度高于心理工作者、医护人员和教师,学生志愿者创伤程度最高,心理工作者创伤程度最低;社会支持状况越好,救援人员的替代性创伤程度越低;采用积极应对方式越多,救援人员替代性创伤程度越低,采用消极应对方式越多,救援人员替代性创伤程度越高。

Objective To explore the effect of occupation on vicarious traumatization,as well as the relationship between social support,coping style and vicarious traumatization.Methods A total of 205 rescuers of Sichuan earthquake were measured with Vicarious Traumatization Scale,Social Support Scale and Coping Style Scale.Results ①Different occupation rescuers had significant differences in cognitive response（F=21.641,P 0.001）,emotional response（F=4.217,P0.01）,behavioral response（F=3.347,P0.05）,physiological response（F=6.572,P0.001） and total score of vicarious traumatization（F=7.104,P0.001）,the dimension of life beliefs had no significant differences.②Vicarious traumatization were significantly negative correlation with social support total score（r=-0.202,P0.01）,subjective support（r=-0.197,P0.01）,positive coping（r=-0.249,P0.01） and positive correlation with negative coping（r=0.301,P0.01）;but only negative coping was statisticaly significant（t=2.516,P0.05）in the regression equation.Conclusion Students and other types of volunteers＇ vicarious traumatizatio level are higher than mental workers,medical workers and teachers;The better the social support of the rescuers,the less vicarious traumatization they have.The more positive coping styles,the less vicarious traumatization they have,The more negative coping styles,the higher vicarious traumatization they have.