我国环境犯罪惩治中严格责任制度之否定研究

Negative Application of the Strict Ability in Punishing Environmental Crimes in China

严格责任制度主要是基于社会防卫的目的,对主观罪过难以确定的行为,控诉方不必证明主观罪过存在即可追究该行为刑事责任的制度。英美法系国家对功利主义价值观的追求,是在环境犯罪惩治中适用严格责任制度的动力。我国刑罚权力的制衡机制、法官自由裁量权的有限性、环境刑法的行政化以及环境侵害行为的经济性等因素,决定了我国环境犯罪惩治不宜适用严格责任制度。

The strict ability is a system in which the accusing party has not to prove the existence of a sin of the defendant when it is difficult to determine the subjective fault.It is the utilitarianism that impels the strict ability to apply in punishing environmental crime in common law system countries.The characteristics of the balancing system of penal power,the limitation of judicial discretion,the administrative of environmental criminal law,the economy of environmental infringement determine that the strict ability should not be applied in punishing environmental crime in China.