清朝初期老瓜贼问题探赜

Exploring the Problem of the Laoguazei in the Early Qing Dynasty

老瓜贼是清初在北方省份出现的劫杀旅客商人的盗贼,他们作案手段多样,狡猾残忍,成为危害社会及清廷政府的祸患。康熙、雍正、乾隆三帝都非常重视老瓜贼问题的解决,并采取了有力治理措施,如强化保甲制积极预防,重刑严法打击震慑,建立官兵民一体的治理体系等。对老瓜贼问题的处理是清初社会治理的重大事件,也说明了清初地方统制管理的有效性。

Laoguazei was robbers who robbed and killed passengers in northern provinces in the early Qing Dynasty.The types of their crimes were diverse with cruel means,and thus they became adversity to society and government.Emperors such as Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong all aimed to solve Laoguazei problem and took forceful measures including strengthening Baojia system;enforcing severe law;establishing the unified system of officials,military officers and civilians.In early Qianlong Period,Laoguazei almost extincted.The process of tackling Laoguazei was one of the important events of social security in early Qing Dynasty,and it shows that local control was effective in early Qing Dynasty.