论南宋中兴时期江湖诗人产生的社会文化基础

On Social and Cultural Basis for Travelling Poets in the Prime Period of the South Song Dynasty

学界一般认为江湖诗人作为一个群体或流派出现于南宋后期,因而往往从南宋后期的历史环境入手,探讨江湖诗人产生的社会文化背景。事实上,由于南渡之后的社会流动、中兴时期的科举积弊、盛世背后的冗官充塞、底层士人的求仕之途等因素,南宋中兴时期已有一批重要的江湖诗人活跃于文坛,并具有鲜明的群体特征。因此关于南宋江湖诗人及其文学创作的历史风貌、时代内涵、文学史地位等问题,还需突破南宋后期这一时间界域,放到更为深远的历史时空中进行新的审视和思考。

Travelling poets are generally believed in the academic field to have emerged as a group or a genre in the late South Song Dynasty and therefore scholars often turn to the historical conditions of the late South Song Dynasty for the exploration of the social and cultural background for the group emergence. In fact a number of important travelling poets had already appeared with distinct characteristics during the prime period of the South Song Dynasty because of the social flow after the Nandu period, of the imperial examination system maladies of the prime period of the South Song Dynasty, of redundant and bureaucratic government officials of the prosperous times and of the pursuing official career of the grass roots. Thus the study of these poets and their literary works needs to be made in a more far-reaching historical circumstance instead of being confined within the late South Song Dynasty.