住房的过度市场化及其社会后果——从《论住宅问题》看城市中下层民众的住房消费

On Over-marketization of Housing and Its Social Consequences:from Engels' On Housing Problem to the Chinese Urban Grass-roots' Housing Consumption

住房消费属于基本民生领域,却被当作经济增长的支柱产业;民众看重使用价值,房产商、开发商、炒房者、地方政府等看重交换价值,安居乐业的基本消费品被过度货币化、资本化;房价不合理暴涨损害了健康平和的人际关系、道德观念、价值体系和重要的社会情感,社会后果堪忧。与恩格斯论述的住宅问题相比,目前中国的住房问题,既有独特之处(社会转型期、解决方案、政府介入等),又有共同之处(工业化、城乡差别、乡城移民、资本意志、市场化)。国家和政府有责任让其国民安居乐业。解决住房问题的根本之道在于把它作为社会问题而非纯经济问题对待,以社会政策而非经济政策应对,建设各阶层、各群体利益共享的消费者社会。

Housing consumption belongs to the realm of people＇s essential livelihood, but it is regarded as mainstay industry for economic growth. The grass roots consider its value in use, while real estate agents, developers, house dealers, local governments focus on its exchange value. In this way, housing, as a basic consumable for living, has been over monetized and even capitalized. House price is irrationally soaring to the detriment of the gentle interpersonal relationship, morality, value system and important social sensibility, which will bring about worrisome social consequences. Compared with the problems in Engels＇ On Housing Problem housing problems in China now have its unique features such as social transition, solution, governmental intervention etc., and also share some similarities of industrialization, urban and rural differences, farmer migration, capital will and marketization. The nation and government are responsible for its people living and working in peace and contentment. Therefore, the ultimate solution to the housing problem is to take it as a social issue instead of pure economy, not to make economic but social policies and to build up a consumer society not only beneficial to all walks of life and but to all interest groups as well.