南亚国家农村发展计划与反贫困战略的选择

Rural Development Programs in South Asia and Anti-poverty Options

南亚国家的贫困问题主要是农村贫困问题。独立后南亚国家政府在外国援助机构的帮助下颁布了一系列农村发展计划,包括农村社区发展计划、农村综合发展计划、农村公共工程发展计划和微型贷款计划等,旨在重建农村基础设施和体制机构,实现扶贫和脱贫的目的。南亚国家农村反贫困的战略选择包括开发落后地区,向贫困人口提供生产资源和生产技术,加大妇女技能培训以促进社会转型,提高原住民和边远人群的知识技能,向贫困人口提供金融支持,促进农村非农就业和市场开发等方面。

Rural poverty is part of the widespread poverty in South Asia. After independence, South Asian governments have launched different rural development programs such as Rural Community Development Programs, Integrated Rural Development Programs, Rural Public Works Programs and Micro-credit Programs, to rebuild rural infrastructures and institutions as well as to achieve poverty reduction and eradication. The experience indicates that available anti-poverty strategy options include the development of less-favored areas; greater access to productive resources, agricultural technologies and financial resources; and empowerment of rural women, indigenous peoples and marginalized groups. These measures help promote social transformation, non-farm employment and agricultural market access.