中国社会阶级阶层结构变迁60年

Change of Stratum and Class in Chinese Society of Past Sixty Years Since 1949

新中国建立60年来,中国社会一直处于大变动中,变动的目标主要是使贫穷落后的传统的农业、农村社会转变为繁荣富强的工业化、城市化、现代化的社会主义社会。从1949-1952年,历史称作国民经济恢复时期,新中国的社会阶级阶层得到了重构。官僚买办阶级、地主阶级消灭了,工人阶级、农民阶级的经济社会地位有了极大的提高,成为了国家的领导力量和社会基础,形成了工人阶级、农民阶级、小资产阶级、资产阶级四个基本阶级的格局。从1953-1956年称为社会主义改造时期,在国家工业化的同时,政府对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业实行社会主义改造,中国的社会结构发生了巨大的变动。从1957-1977年,是中国大规模进行工业化、现代建设的新时期,是中国阶级斗争进行的异常剧烈,异常频繁的20年。1978年,中国实行改革开放,社会结构也发生了深刻的变化,农业劳动者阶层有了变化,产业工人和商业服务员工阶层快速扩大,私营企业主阶层逐渐成长,国家与社会管理者阶层处于优势地位,中产阶层正在崛起。

Since establishing of People＇ s Republic of China, China has been under dramatic changes. The target of changes was changing backward and traditional agriculture and rural society to properous socialist society with industralization, urbanization and modemization. From 1949 to 1952, so called period of resuming national economy, social class and stratum of China had reconstitution. Bureaucratic compradors and landlords perished. Economic position and social position of working class and peasant class have been improvod and they become leading power and social basis of the state. Working class, peasant class, petite bourgeoisie and bourgeoisie were the four main classes in this period. From 1953 to 1956, so called socialist reconstruction period, during national indnstralization, the central government carried out reconstruction of agriculture, handicraft industry, and capitalism industry and commerce. From 1957 to 1977, so called period of large scale indnstralization and modem construction, China social structure and class structure had radical changes. In 1978, China conducted opening-up and reform. Since then, agricultural peasant class has had change again. The number of industrial workers and commercial serive workers have been enlarged. Private owners of finns gradually increased. National and social administrators have been in the leading position. The middle class have been increasing.