“共同但有区别的责任”原则的解读——对哥本哈根气候变化会议的冷静观察

The "Common but Differentiated Responsibilities" Principle:An Observation on the Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change

哥本哈根气候变化会议中最大的立场之争可能是关于"共同但有区别的责任"原则的政治辩论。"给不平等者以不平等"和"给平等者以平等"是"共同但有区别的责任"原则的哲学基础。历史责任、矫正正义和"与能力有关的责任"体现了"给不平等者以不平等"的理念。人均排放权和平等参与权则体现了"给平等者以平等"的理念。在"共同但有区别的责任"原则视域中,不是中国,而是丹麦和美国劫持了哥本哈根气候变化会议。从中国的立场看,国际社会在哥本哈根气候变化会议之后理应在"给不平等者以不平等"和"给平等者以平等"理念基础上坚守"共同但有区别的责任"原则。首先,国际社会应将历史累积排放量和人均GDP作为适应气候变化的参考标准。其次,鉴于发展中国家的发展律令和后代人的正当需要,国际社会应将人均累积排放量和人均排放量作为减缓气候变化的参考标准。最后,国际社会必须按照平等参与原则开展将来的国际谈判。

The political debate on the principle of ＂Common but Differentiated Responsibilities＂ （CBDR） is probably the most important one at the Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change. Both ＂inequality for unequal＂ and ＂equality for equal＂ comprise the philosophical basis of the principle of the CBDR principle. The idea of ＂inequality for unequal＂ is reflected in historical responsibility and the responsibility relating to capabilities. The idea of ＂equality for equal＂ is reflected in rights to per capita emissions and rights to equally participate. From the perspective of the CBDR principle, Denmark and US, rather than China, hijacked the Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change. From the perspective of China, international community should comply with the CBDR principle based on both ideas of ＂inequality for unequal＂ and ＂equality for equal＂ after Copenhagen. First, it should consider Historical Cumulative Emissions and Per Capita GDP as essential parameters of climate change adaptation. Second, given the development imperative of development nations and legitimate needs of future generations, it should consider Per Capita Cumulative Emissions and Per Capita Emissions as essential parameters of climate change mitigation, last, it should obey the principle of equal participation in future international negotiations.