高寒地区超强抗寒新品种“东农冬麦1号”的选育

Research on breeding new winter wheat cultivar "Dongnongdongmai1" of super-freezing tolerance in frigid region

为选育出能在黑龙江省高寒地区安全越冬的冬小麦品种,从1994年开始进行了冬小麦抗寒育种工作和保护越冬的栽培技术研究。由于冬麦抗寒性属于数量遗传性状,因此选用抗寒较强的品种间杂交和多亲本杂交,以利于抗寒基因累加和超亲遗传。几年来共杂交471个组合,于2002年从Norstar×(牡引88-13×Alabaskaja)组合中,选育出一个抗寒高产的新品系(东农024)。后经四年区域试验和生产试验,并结合保护越冬栽培措施,不论雪大或雪小年份都能安全越冬。2007年1月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,正式命名"东农冬麦1号"开始推广,成为有史以来第一个能在黑龙江省高寒地区越冬的冬小麦新品种。

The winter wheat breeding for the freezing tolerance and the researches of cultivation techniques for survival over winter began to carry out in Harbin from 1994 in order to cultivate winter wheat cultivars which are able to survive over winter in the rigid region of Heilongjiang Province in China. The hybridization among winter wheat cultivars with higher freezing tolerance has been used so as to accumulate the genes of freezing tolerance and to performance over-parents inherence in the breeding generations because the freezing tolerance is proved to be a quantitative genetic trait. 471 crosses have been made and a line named Dongnong024 with freezing tolerance and high yield was selected from the cross of Norstar//Muyin88-13/Alabaskaja in 2002. With the protective cultivation, the line was proved to be able to survive over winters whether the snow was thick or thin during four years regional and productive trails. The line was certificated as a new winter wheat cultivar by the Heilongjiang Province Crop Cultivar Certification Committee in January 2007 and named officially Dongnongdongmail and applied since then, and has become the first winter wheat cultivar in the agricultural history of Heilongjiang Province the frigid region in China.