寒地油豆角花粉电镜观察与聚类分析

Scanning electron microscope and cluster analysis of cold area Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. chinensis Hort.

油豆角(Phaseolus vulgaris L.var.chinensis Hort.)是我国北方的"名优特"蔬菜。通过扫描电镜法来观察油豆角孢粉的不同形态,并应用数量分类方法分析油豆角遗传背景差异,油豆角育种提供参考依据。对东北地区主栽油豆角的20个品种的花粉进行扫描电镜观察,并用SPSS软件对观测到的6个亚显微性状进行聚类分析。结果表明,20份花粉分为三角形和近球形两类。花粉赤道轴长在27.43～58.78μm之间,属于小型花粉。萌发孔膜有突起和凹陷两种,覆盖纹饰主要是网孔纹饰,有的孔内有颗粒状附属物。聚类分析把供试材料分为四组,其中玻璃脆豆(7号)与其他油豆角的亲缘关系最远。

Phaseolus vulgaris L.var.chinensis Hort. is the typical vegetable in northeast areas. In this study, pollen grains of 20 kinds of P.vulgaris L. var. chinensis Hort. were observed through scanning electron microscope （SEM） in northeast areas. Cluster analysis was undertaken for six pollen submicroscopic morphology characters by using SPSS cluster program. The results showed that the pollen shapes of all the 20 cultivars were divided into near spherical and triangle in equatorial view. The length of equatorial axis of pollens was among 27.43-58.78 um, and it belonged to minutiae pollens. Membrane of germination aperture had two types： protrudent type and hollow type; exine ornamentation was the main mesh, and there were granule adjunct in some apertures. Cluster analysis showed that all the varieties were divided into four groups, and Bolicuidou （No.7） had the farthest relationship with others.