急性呼吸道感染的健康教育研究

Research on Health Education of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARI)

为制定急性呼吸道感染（ＡＲＩ）的健康教育方法、内容和教材提供科学依据，应用定性的专题人类学研究的方法在汉、回、藏、壮、侗等不同的民族地区收集母亲对儿童急性呼吸道感染的临床症状及体症的识别及当地术语，卫生资源的利用、就诊的行为和当地的文化习俗等进行急性呼吸道感染的健康教育研究。结果，非提示时，随着小儿年龄的增大，母亲对呼吸增快和呼吸困难的识别能力显著增强，宁夏回族母亲识别能力较好，汉族相对较差；患儿在就诊时，母亲主诉呼吸增快和／或呼吸困难占２７％；汉族母亲对肺炎症状和体症的认识程度以湖北最好，少数民族以宁夏回族最好；当小儿出现呼吸道症状后，母亲首先采取的措施是去村医生处就诊，其次是去医院；有过ＡＲＩ病史的患儿的母亲叙述在发现孩子生病的当天就去看病，而在卫生机构访谈的母亲中，只有广西、湖南的汉族母亲和广西的壮族母亲是这样做的。提示给母亲进行健康教育，提高她们对肺炎症状的识别能力很重要。

In order to provice the scientific basis for ARI health education method and content, the qualitative research methods, Focused Ethnographic Study(FES) were used the first time in China to collect the information about mother′s perception of local terms, signs and symptoms related to ARI, the utilization of health resources, the behavior of care seeking and the local culture and prectices.The results shown as follows. In pace with growth of children, the mother′s perception of tachypnea and dyspneic respiration was marked raised. The mother′s perception of pneumonia in Hubei province was the best of the Hans and mother′s perception in Huizu was the best of minority national.The results prompted that it was very necessary to provide the health education for mother and to raise mother′s perception for ARI.