精神科护士人口学资料与工作压力源和心身耗竭相关性研究

Correlation studies of demographic data, work stressors and psychosomatic exhaustions in psychiatric nurses

目的探讨精神科护士人口学资料与工作压力源和心身耗竭的相关性，为维护精神科护士的身心健康，提高工作质量提供依据。方法采用中国护士压力源量表和心身耗竭量表对89名精神科护士的压力状况及心身耗竭程度进行测评分析。结果压力源量表排前10位的压力源主要为护理专业方面和患者护理方面的问题；心身耗竭量表测评，精神科护士与Maslach参考值比较情绪的疲倦感有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；年龄、护龄与情绪疲倦感呈显著正相关（R=0．283、0．305，P＜0．01），文化程度与压力源呈显著正相关（P＜0．05或0．01），护龄与压力源呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）；不同文化程度和护龄对压力的反应有显著性差异（P〈0．05或0．01），性别、职称与工作压力源与心身耗竭无关。结论精神科护士心身耗竭和工作压力源与年龄、护龄、文化程度相关，与性别、职称无关，不同文化程度和护龄对压力的反应有显著性差异。医院管理者及护士自身应引起足够的重视。

Objective To explore the correlation of demographic data, work stressors and psychosomatic exhaustions in psychiatric nurses in order to provide basis for protecting their psychosomatic health andraising work quality. Methods Stress status and degrees of psychosomatic exhaustion were investigated and analyzed with the Chinese Nurse Job Stressors Questionnaire（CNJSQ） and Maslach Burnout Inventory（MBI） in 89 psychiatric nurses. Results The first ten stressors of the CNJSQ＇s 35 items were mainly problems of nursing specialties and patient care aspects. According to the MBI, there were significantdifferences in emotional tiredness between psychiatric nurses and Maslach reference value （P〈0.01） ages and nursing ages were significantly positively related to emotional tiredness （r= 283,305, P〈0.01）, cul-tural levels was positively to （P〈0. 05 or 0. 01） and nursing ages negatively to（P〈0. 05） stressors; there were significant differences in responses to stress among nurses with different cultural levels and nursing a-ges（P〈0.05 or 0. 01）, and sex and professional title had nothing to do with work stressors or psychosomatic exhaustions. Conclusion Psychosomatic exhaustions and work stressors of psychiatric nurses are related to ages, nursing ages and cultural levels and not to sex and professional title,and there are significant differences in responses to stress among nurses with different cultural levels and nursing ages.