“杨家将”娱乐审美与伦理道德主题的分化与合流

Aesthetics and Ethics:Their Divergence and Convergence in the Evolution of the Legends of Yangjiajiang

"杨家将"文学作品经过民间艺人和文人群体的想象、加工、改编,有很多民间传说和文学作品流传下来。从宋代话本、金院本、元杂剧,到明代杂剧、传奇、小说,再到清代戏曲,形成了大量文人创作与民间艺术的结晶。不同历史时期的创作者在整体构思、立意谋篇、人物形象塑造等方面,表现出不同的伦理主题、文化心理、价值观念、艺术特征和创作倾向;作品的叙事结构(空间结构、事件结构、因果结构、观众心理结构)从单线型逐渐发展为多线、递进、扇形、结网型;故事中"杨家将"家族英雄群像经历了从简单到复杂、由单薄到饱满,表现出虚实结合、美善相济的审美特征,呈现出渐次推进、逐渐变异、累积放大的演变历程。纵观"杨家将"文学作品的整体流变,是沿着"娱乐审美——道德教化——审美+伦理"轨迹而展开的,此即"杨家将"作品流变过程的文化特征和审美内涵。

The legends of Yangjiajiang（generals of the Yang Family） are passed down in different literary forms created by the folk story tellers as well as writers in different historical periods,including the different genres of huaben（话本） in the Song Dynasty,yuanben（院本） in the Jin Dynasty,zaju（杂剧） in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,chuanqi（传奇）,novel,and opera in the Qing Dynasty.All of this is a crystallization of the formal and folk arts but differs from one another in the arrangement of plot,setting the theme,and characterization,showing differences in ethical pursuit,cultural psychology,values,artistic feature and inclination for literary creation.The narrative structure（including the spatial structure,event structure,cause and effect structure and the psychological structure of the audiences） has developed from the linear construction to the multi-dimensional network construction.The images of the heroes from the Yang family have also evolved from simple to complex and from sketchy to life-like,displaying a good combination of fiction and facts and of beauty and goodness in terms of aesthetic features.The evolution of the works on the Yang family legends is along the path from entertaining aesthetics to moral teaching to the combination of these two pursuits,which constitutes the cultural aspect and aesthetic contents of the works on the legends of the Yang family.