企业面向低收入群体的可持续创新

A Study on Low-income-group-oriented Sustainable Innovation of Firms

本文将环境、社会的可持续发展与企业的持续发展问题相结合,研究企业面向低收入群体的可持续创新,即企业改变产品、服务或流程使之适合低收入人群的需求,同时避免产生对社会和环境的外部性问题的创新活动。在对通过创新和市场机制协同解决环境和社会问题的国外理论与实践进行分析和评述的基础上,本文结合可持续发展、破坏性创新和社会嵌入理论,建立了企业面向低收入群体的可持续创新的概念框架,将企业竞争策略的改变与宏观发展模式的演化联系起来,并进一步将其分解为企业应对宏观发展模式在技术、价值链和行为规范三个层面的变革所采取的一系列竞争策略的改变,即通过底层或新市场破坏性创新以应对可持续技术的广泛应用,嵌入低收入群体的社会网络以应对经济发展对低收入人群的包容性要求以及改变企业的价值观与战略工作匹配社会的可持续发展。这一框架有助于企业理解所面对的外部环境变革采取合适的技术和商业模式创新战略,协同解决宏观和微观的可持续发展问题。

Combining the context of environmental,social and firm-level sustainable development,in this article we defined low-income-group-oriented sustainable innovation of firms as the innovative activities that firms change their products,services or processes to meet the unmet demands of low income people while avoid negative externalities to society and environment.After reviewing on the international experiences on solving environmental and social issues by innovation and market mechanism,we constructed a concept framework of such innovation connecting the evolution of competitive strategy of firms and macro-level development patterns in the levels of technology,value chain and standards of behavior based on the theories of sustainable development,disruptive innovation and social embeddedness.In detail,firms should use lowe end or now market disruptive innovation to fit in with widely appliecl sustainable technologies embed the social networks of low-income communites to fit in with in-clusive economic development of low-income groups,and change the value and strategies of fivms to fit social expectations on sustainable devel opment.This framework would help firms to understand the change of external environment and apply suitable strategies of technological and business model innovation,in order to solve the problems of different levels of sustainable development coordinately.