浅议福利国家的产生

Preliminary Discussion on the Origination of Welfare State

福利国家是特定时期特定背景下的产物,其产生发展具有历史性。当前国内对于福利国家的研究多局限于内涵、欧洲经验、危机弊端等方面,对福利国家的产生原因及背景分析较少。迈克尔·曼的"IEMP模型"为福利国家的产生机制研究提供了理论工具。据此,福利国家的产生可以归结为经济权力、政治权力、意识形态权力和军事权力四个方面交互作用的结果,这四种权力来源描绘了福利国家诞生之际的社会背景和社会环境:首先,工业化初期经济的快速增长为福利国家的诞生奠定了重要的物质基础;其次,政党政治为讨好选民,使得国家福利成为必需的手段,催生了福利国家;再次,福利思想的发展为福利国家的产生提供了意识形态环境;最后,军事斗争作为所有变化因素中的强大者,加速推进了福利国家的产生进程。当这四种因素部分地制度化为某一支配性结构时,这种支配性结构在某一时期就表现为"福利国家"。

Welfare state is a product of a specific period in the background,its development is historic.The current national study for welfare state are more limited in meanings,the European experience,crisis and so on,the study about the cause of welfare state＇s production is less.Michael Mann＇s ＂ IEMP model＂ provides a theoretical tool for the study about the formation mechanism of welfare state.Accordingly,welfare can be attributed to the result of economic power,political power,ideology power and military power,the interaction of these four aspects describes the social background during the birth of welfare state.Firstly,rapid economic growth in the early industrialization has laid a material foundation;secondly,national welfare is necessary to political parties,it＇s a means to curry favor with voters;meanwhile,the development of welfare ideology provides the ideological environment for the birth of welfare state;lastly,the military struggle（the Second Word War,labor struggles） accelerate the production process of welfare state.When these four factors are partly institutionalized a dominant structure,the performance of such a structure will be ＂ welfare state＂ in a given period.