国际远洋船舶压舱水中的硅藻研究

Study on diatom in ballast water of pelagic vessels

应用新型压舱水采样器采集了5艘进入厦门港的国际远洋船舶14个压舱水水样,通过对样品中硅藻的分析、鉴定,共发现硅藻37属111种(包括变种和休止孢子),其中赤潮种28种,潜在有毒种1种,非本海域种6种:Stepharopyxis turris;Chaetoceros convoluts;C.crinitus;C.aurivilliis;C.neocompactum;C.subsalsum。各样品中硅藻丰度值在0.08×103/L～5.96×103/L之间,种类数(已定种)在6～36之间。结合硅藻组成和丰度可以推断压舱水的可能交换地。与前人的研究结果对比反映出压舱水可能导致新的外来有害生物入侵的潜在危害性,相关职能部门应加强压舱水的监管工作。

14 ballast water samples were collected by a new sampling instrument from five pelagic vessels which have been and clean frequently in Xiamen Harbor.According to analyzing and identifying the species and the abundances of diatom in the samples,37 genus 111 species diatoms（containing varieties and hypnospore） were discovered,which included 28 kinds of red tidal species,one kind of latent toxic species,and 6 kinds of non-native species,such as Stepharopyxis turris;Chaetoceros convoluts;C.crinitus;C.aurivilliis;C.neocompactum;C.subsalsum.The abundances of diatom in each sample ranged from 0.08×103/L to 5.96×103/L,and specie＇s numbers（identified species）of them were amongst 6 to 36.Based on the diatoms assemble with abundance,the possible position of ballast water＇s change can be deduced.The discharge of ballast water may cause the potential hazards of new exotic harmful organism＇s invasion.The results of comparisons between this investigation and previous studies on ballast water can provide scientific base for the related government departments,so that it should strengthen the management on the ballast water.