陕西岐山方言声调演变中的例外现象

Exceptions to rules of tonal drift of Qishan dialect in Shanxi Province

陕西岐山方言声调的演变存在很多例外现象,本文认为这些例外的成因主要来自以下几方面:(1)受普通话或权威方言影响所致;(2)由于读半边字,久而久之"习非成是";(3)由于受连读变调的影响而形成例外;(4)人称代词、父系亲属称谓词类化造成的声调例外;(5)多音字的归并形成例外;(6)为避讳而形成例外。

There are many exceptions to the rules of the tonal drift of Qishan dialect in Shaanxi Province.The author of this paper holds that the reasons for these exceptions lie in six aspects.1) the influence of Putonghua or authoritative dialect;2) the mispronunciations resulting from customary practice of pronouncing some characters only by the sound element;3) the influence of the continuous tonal change of Qishan dialect;4) the analogical extension of pronouns and kinship terms;5) the reduction of polyphones;6) pronunciations to be avoided as taboos.