道德总原则理论辨难

On General Morality Principle

无私利他的正道德价值最高,是伦理行为最高境界的应该如何,是道德最高原则,是善的最高原则,是至善;单纯利己的道德价值最低,是伦理行为最低境界的应该如何,是道德最低原则,是善的最低原则,是最低的善;为己利他是利他与利己的混合境界,其道德价值介于无私利他与单纯利己之间,是伦理行为基本境界的应该如何,是道德基本原则,是善的基本原则,是基本的善。利他主义否定为己利他和单纯利己,而把无私利他奉为评价行为是否道德的唯一准则;合理利己主义否定无私利他和单纯利己,而把为己利他奉为评价行为是否道德的唯一准则;个人主义否定无私利他或为己利他,而把单纯利己奉为评价行为是否道德的唯一准则。所以,利他主义与合理利己主义以及个人主义不过是分别夸大了无私利他、为己利他、单纯利己三大善原则而堕入谬误的片面化的真理而已。

Selfless altruism is the highest morality and ethics, the highest morality and kindness principle; pure egoism is the lowest morality and ethics, the lowest morality and kindness principle; altruism for the sake of self- benefit is between selfless altruism and pure egoism. It is the basic morality and kindness principle. Its morality value is between selfless altruism＇ s and pure egoism＇ s. Altruism denies altruism for the sake of self - regard and egoism, regarding selfless altruism as the only principle to judge behavior＇ s value; rational egoism denies self- less altruism and pure egoism, regarding altruism for the sake of self - benefit as the only principle to judge behavior＇ s value; egoism denies selfless altruism and altruism for the sake of self - regard, regarding egoism for the sake of self - benefit as the only principle to judge behavior＇ s value. Therefore, selfless altruism, rational egoism and individualism are all one - sided truths which magnify selfless altruism, altruism for the sake of self - benefit and pure egoism.