中国城乡经济社会一体化新格局中的农业、农村发展问题刍议

A Discussion on the Problem with the Agricultural and Rural Development in the New Situation of the Economic and Social Integration of Chinese Urban and Rural Areas

发展现代农业、走中国特色农业现代化道路是构建城乡经济社会一体化新格局的一个重要方面。在现实的中国农业现代化进程中,在各地看到的往往是社会主义初级阶段的一种混合型、多样化的新模式,走的是一条兼容性较强的道路。从目前的农业和农村政策取向来看,这样的混合型、多样化的农业现代化发展模式和经营形态在中国农村将长期存在,资本、劳动、土地等要素将不断相互碰撞和重新组合。中国农村土地制度的变革将在构建城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局的大战略中处于一种关键性的位置,而土地制度的变革必然受到中国工业化、城镇化进程和农业现代化发展道路、发展模式两方面因素的制约。构建城乡经济社会一体化新格局需要改革和完善农村基层治理结构。而各种要素的碰撞和重新组合又和农村上层建筑的权力结构交织在一起,也必然影响到农村基层治理结构的变革方向。在这种农业现代化道路、模式和经营方式的选择中,在经济上保障农民的物质利益和在政治上尊重农民的民主权利始终是问题的核心。

Developing modern agriculture and going the way of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics is an important aspect of constructing the new situation of the economic and social integration of Chinese urban and rural areas. In the actual course of Chinese agricultural modernization, what is seen in every region is always a new mixed and diversified pattern in the primary stage of socialism and the way is compatible. From the perspective of the present agricultural and rural policy, this kind of mixed and diversified pattern of agricultural modernization development and operation form will exist in Chinese rural areas for a long time. The factors of capital, labor and land etc will collide and reset continually. The reform in the land system in rural China will play a key role in the construction of the great strategy of the new situation of the economic and social integration of Chinese urban and rural areas and the reform in the land system is sure to be restricted by the factors of Chinese industrialization and urbanization and the developing way and mode of agricultural modernization. Constructing the new situation of the economic and social integration of urban and rural areas needs to reform and perfect the rural governing structure. The collision and resetting of various factors are interlaced with the power structure of rural superstructure, which is sure to affect the reform in the rural governing structure. In the choice of the way and mode of agricultural modernization and operating manner, guaranteeing the economic rights of farmers and respecting their democratic right politically is always the kernel, of the problem.