近代工科的发展及其引起的社会分层与社会流动——以交通大学土木工程学科的发展为个案

Analysis of the development of Modern Engineering and the Social Stratification and Social Mobility Cused by it——Take the Development of Civil Engineering Disciplines at Jiaotong University as a Case

从政府法令规程角度看,工程学科乃至其中之一的土木工程学科,在民国时期教育部部令中有着明确的规定,且在北洋与南京两政府时期各自有着不同的体现。从土木工程在近代交通大学中的实际设置过程来看,最早出现在视为中国现代高等教育雏形的天津中西学堂与上海南洋学堂,后来的发展也是因校而异、同中显异、各有侧重。通过土木工程学科在交通大学中的设置与发展,揭示其在近代大学中的发展路径及其引起的社会分层与社会流动所提供的有益启示。

View from the angle of Government legislation,the engineering disciplines and its＇ branch of civil engineering disciplines have been clearly defined in the Decree of Ministry of Education in the Republic of China,and in both the Northern and the Nanjing government has a different expression each time.Seeing from the practical setting process of civil engineering in modern Jiaotong University,it first appeared in Academy of Chinese and Western in Tianjin and Shanghai Nanyang Academy as a prototype of modern higher education schools,at later the development is also varied by school,with the obvious differences,each place different focuses.By analyzing the establishment and development of the civil engineering at Jiaotong University the article reveal thedevelopmen path in the modern university and provided the useful insights to the social stratification and social mobility caused by it.