新中国城市化:历程、问题与展望

Urbanization in China: Retrospect,Problems and Prospects

新中国城市化经过围绕工业化建设生产型城市(1949—1978年)、城市体制改革拉动(1979—1990年)、城市外部扩张和内部重组加速(1991—1999年)3个阶段后,进入城乡统筹发展阶段。当前,我国城市化主要存在失地农民、生态环境、资源和城市发展均衡4个重大问题;未来城市化的新布局主要体现在深度城市化、低碳生态城市、组团城市群以及中小城市和小城镇等方面。微观上要解决城市化过程中存在的劳动就业、教育、医疗、住房等制度性障碍,改革长期存在的城乡分割的户籍制度;中观上要解决好资源环境问题,建设低碳生态城市;宏观上要统筹城乡发展,以大带小,构建大、中、小城市共同发展机制,促进城市群和小城镇协调发展。

China＇ s urbanization undergoes such four stages as construction of production-style cities for industrialization from 1949 to 1978, urban system reform from 1979 to 1990, external enlargement and internal rapid reconstruction of the cities from 1991 to 1999 and overall urban and rural development. Currently, China＇ s urbanization has mainly four problems such as the peasants who lose their land, ecological environment, resources and urban development balance. This paper points out that the new layout of future urbanization should be oriented by deepened urbanization, low carbon ecological cities, associated city group, medium-sized and small cities and so on, and that China should solve the systematic problems of employment, education, medication and housing in the process of urbanization in microscopic viewpoint, reform household register system which divides cities and rural areas for such a long time, solve the problems of resources and environment in middle term, build low carbon cities, promote coordinated development of city group and small cities in macroscopic viewpoint by overall rural and urban development, using big cities to drive the development of small cities, and by building jointly development mechanism of big cities, medium-sized cities and small cities.