湛江高桥红树林区虾类群落的时空变化

Temporal and Spatial Change of Shrimp Community in Mangrove Forest in Gaoqiao,Zhanjiang

研究2005-2008年广东省湛江市英罗湾高桥3个红树林区(红坎、两头流、西村)虾类群落的变化特征,并分析虾类群落组成与水质指标(盐度,pH)和沉积物指标(pH、可溶性盐、有机质、黏土、粉砂、砂砾)的相关性。结果表明:3个区域捕获虾类13596尾,属3科5属9种,刀额新对虾是高桥虾类的优势种;虾类种类年际变化较大,年间相似度平均为70.4,区域间相似度平均为60.6;红坎虾类多样性较丰富,两头流虾类的优势种明显,各年优势度指数均达0.95以上;3个区域的主要生态因子年间差异不显著(P>0.05);红坎3个采样点的底质性状较复杂,其沉积物特性差异显著(P<0.05),两头流和西村的底质性状较为单一,其沉积物特性均差异不显著(P>0.05)。群落变化特征和沉积物性状有显著相关关系,表明高桥虾类的渔获量受人为因素影响,多样性和分布受环境影响。

Shrimp communities were analyzed in three mangrove reserve areas（Hongkan,Liangtouliu,and Xicun） in Yingluo Bay,Gaoqiao,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province in summer from 2005 to 2008,and the correlativity between shrimp community composition and the water quality（salinity,pH） and sediment indicators（pH,soluble salts,organic matter,clay,silt and gravel） were analyzed as well.The result showed,13 596 shrimp were captured,belonging to 3 families,5 genera,9 species.The Metapenaeus ensis was the dominant species of shrimp in Gaoqiao mangrove.Three regions varied greatly in shrimp caught,and similarity between the regional averages was 60.6;similarity between years was 70.4 on average.Shrimp was in rich diversity in Hongkan,and dominant species in Liangtouliu were so significant that the dominance index reached more than 0.95 from 2005 to 2008.The difference of the main ecological factors from 2005 to 2008 in three regions were not significant（P〉0.05）.Sediment characteristics of three spots in Hongkan were significantly different（P〈0.05）,suggesting the bottom characteristics in these sampling sites were complex,while the differences of sediment characteristics in Liangtouliu Xicun were not so distinct,suggesting the bottom characteristics were relatively simple in these two areas.Diversity was significantly correlated with sediment characteristics.Correlativity analysis results showed that shrimp species in Gaoqiao mangrove were affected by human disturbance,and diversity and distribution were subjected to environmental impact.