大珠母贝主要污损及寄居生物的研究

A Study on the Fouling Organisms and Inquilinisms on or in Pinctada maxima(Jameson)

研究雷州半岛自然生活条件、养殖条件下的野生贝和全人工养殖条件下的养殖贝主要污损及寄居生物。结果表明:大珠母贝主要污损及寄居生物共46种,其中自然生活条件下野生贝的污损及寄居生物有24种,养殖条件下野生贝的污损与寄居生物42种,养殖贝的污损及寄居生物有31种;根据附着或寄居部位可将大珠母贝污损及寄居生物可分为4种类型:贝壳表面附生型、贝壳层寄居型、贝壳内侧寄居型、外套腔寄居型;海绵、缨鳃虫、龙介沙蚕、长鳃树蛰虫为贝壳表面附生型主要种类,砗磲江珧虾为外套腔寄居型种类,对大珠母贝危害较小;石蛏、开腹蛤、厥目革囊星虫、有盾海扇虫、才女虫、钻穿裂虫为贝壳层寄居型的主要种类;吻蛇稚虫为贝壳内侧寄居型,对大珠母贝危害较大。自然生活条件下野生贝主要危害种类为石蛏、开腹蛤、厥目革囊星虫、才女虫、钻穿裂虫,养殖条件下野生贝主要危害种类有石蛏、开腹蛤、厥目革囊星虫、有盾海扇虫、吻蛇稚虫、才女虫、钻穿裂虫;养殖贝受寄居生物危害较小。

A study on the main fouling organisms and inquilinisms of wild pearl oyster under natural and cultured conditions and fully artically cultured pearl oyster in Leizhou Peninsula was carried out.Results showed that there were mainly 46 species of fouling organisms and inquilinisms for Pinctada maxima（Jameson）,24 species of which were present for wild pearl oysters under natural condition,42 species under cultured condition,and 31 species for cultured oysters under cultured condition.These fouling organisms and inquilinisms of Pinctada maxima（Jameson） could be divided into 4 types according to attaching or parasitizing positions：exterior shells attachment,intrashell parasitism,interior shells parasitism and interior mantle cavity parasitism.P.penguin,Subella sp.,Sperpula sp.,Pistabrevi branchia were the main species that belonged to the first type,Conchodytes tridacnae Peters came under the fourth type,doing little harm to Pinctada maxima（Jameson）.Lithophaga calyculata（Carpenter）,Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler,Phascolosom scolops,Pherusa parmata,Polydora ciliate,Trypanosyllis zebra fell into the second type,and Boccadia sp.into the third type.They all could pose greater disservice to Pinctada maxima（Jameson）.Main disserving species of wild mollusks under natural condition were Lithophaga calyculata（Carpenter）,Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler,Phascolosom scolops,Polydora ciliate,Trypanosyllis zebra,whereas the main disserving species of wild mollusks under cultured condition were Lithophaga calyculata（Carpenter）,Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler,Phascolosom scolops,Pherusa parmata,Boccadia sp.,Polydora ciliate,Trypanosyllis zebra.The species that can bring about harm to the cultured mollusks were mainly inclusive of Pherusa parmata,Polydora ciliate,Trypanosyllis zebra.