北京都市农业的空间分异探析

Discussion on the Spatial Differentiation of Beijing Urban Agriculture

都市农业是城市文明时代农业发展的崭新理念,人们开始跳出农业、农村框架,从城乡统筹发展的角度来重新审视和定位农业,都市农业已逐渐被纳入到城乡总体规划中,其具有一定的空间分异规律。选取北京郊区13个涉农区县作为研究区域,采用因子分析法和层次分析法相结合的方法来构建出都市农业的多功能性评价指标体系,从生产经济功能、社会服务功能和生态保护功能3方面出发,基于GIS空间分析软件对北京都市农业进行了综合评价和功能分区。结果发现,北京都市农业呈现出明显的圈层空间结构,有着不同的功能导向、区位选择和发展模式。因此,各大城市的都市农业发展需要根据其不同的空间分异规律,来制定出各自不同的演化机制和空间发展战略。图2,表4,参12。

Urban agricuhure is such a creative concept for agricultural development under the background of urban civilization. People start to break through the traditional ideas on agriculture and countryside, taking a new view on them in the whole system of city and countryside. Urban agriculture has such a discipline of spatial differentiation, being gradually integrated into urban and rural master plan system. Taking 13 districts relevant to agriculture in Beijing as the study areas, the evaluation index system of urban agricultural multi-functionality was built with the methods of factor analysis and analytic hierarchy process （AHP） in this paper. Then, based on GIS spatial analysis of function, we dividied Beijing into 3 urban agricultural subareas by virtue of production economy function, social service function and ecological protection function. The results indicate that Beijing urban agriculture has obvious ＇ core-periphery＇ spatial structure but with different function-orientation, locational tendency and development pattern. Therefore, each big city needs to establish its own evolution mechanism and spatial development strategy for urban agriculture according to the rules of its spatial differentiation.