古典诗歌注释与农村生活经验——以陶渊明、黄庭坚诗为例

Annotation of Classical Poetry and the Experience of Rural Life——Taking Tao Yuanming’s and Huang Tingjian’s Poems as Example

农村生活经验,往往能和陶渊明田园诗以及其他与田园相关的古典诗歌相印证。历代的注释,可能由于注家不太熟悉农村生活,偶有注释不够充分或者注释错误之处。本文讨论陶渊明诗、黄庭坚诗注释数例,意在说明农村生活经验与农业生产知识,对于鉴赏中国古典诗歌尤其田园诗应该是有益的。但这并不是说为了鉴赏古典诗歌,必须要有农村生活经验,因为那些经验已经记录在古今的农学文献里,成为容易获得的知识。中国古典诗歌往往具有写实的性格和深厚的生活气息,因此,鉴赏古典诗歌往往需要多方面的知识条件。农村生活经验及农业生产知识,只是鉴赏相关古典诗歌的必要知识条件之一。

The experience of rural life can often verify mutually with Tao Yuanming＇s idyl and other classical poetry related to rurality.It is possible that the glossographers in past dynasties were not familiar enough with rurality, so their annotation occasionally was not consistent with the fact or even wrong. The article diseusses a number of annotations of Tao Yuanming＇s and Huang Tingjian＇s poems in intention to explain that the experienee of rural life and the knowledge of agriculture production are beneficial to appreciate Chinese classical poetry, espeeially the rural ones. But it is not to say that one must own the experience of rural life before they intend to appreciate the classical poetry. Those kinds of experience have become easy-obtained knowledge because of their being recorded in the agriculture literature at all times. Chinese classical poetry sometimes has the character of writing or painting realistically. Therefore, it needs all-round knowledge to appreciate classical poetry. The experience of rural life and correlative knowledge of agricuhure is only one of the essential intellective conditions for appreciating relative classical poetry.