北京低山山桃针叶树混交风景林景观质量评价及经营技术

Landscape evaluation and management techniques on mixed scenic forest of Amygdalus davidiana and conifer in Beijing lower mountainous area

采用美景度评价法(SBE)对北京低山山桃针叶树混交林春季景观进行了评价,建立了该类风景林美景度和各景观因子、类目之间的景观评价及预测模型,并得出林分的最佳结构,由此进一步提出其经营技术模式。研究表明:景观评价因子中,树干可感性对山桃针叶树混交春景林美景度的贡献最大,然后依次为灰色比、主色彩比、主色彩种类、林冠面特征和主色彩布局。在山桃针叶树混交春景林经营中,应长期采用割灌、补植和间伐的斑块经营方法,调整山桃和针叶树的数量比例,以保证混交林中山桃花色与常绿色在景观中面积比例为2∶1;在林分显著位置补植纯白或微红色山桃,减少景观中的灰分成分;营造综合型或密集型分布的山桃景色。

In order to increase the landscape quality of mixed forest of Amygdalus davidiana and conifer in Beijing lower mountainous area, its out-forest landscapes were evaluated by scenic beauty estimation（SBE） method in this paper. The multivariate linear models between favor degree and the scenically factors of the out-forest landscape were established, for estimation and forecast on landscape quality. Optimal frame of the mixed forest were analyzed, then the models of management techniques were educed. The study showed that the visible stem can affect the scenic beauty of the mixed forest maximally, and the effect of grayness ratio, main color ratio, the kind of main color, the outside characteristic of canopy, the pattern of main color lessen in turn. Management techniques in patch should be adopted chronically, including of cutting shrubs, thinning and interplanting. The stem of A.davidiana and conifer should be maintained at quantitative number to keep the area ratio of pink to green at 2∶1, and interplanting A.davidiana of pure white or reddish at notable position. The grayness ratio should be reduced, and A.davidiana individuals should be performed the pattern of integration or conglomeration distribution.