近代上海城市边缘区土地利用方式转变过程研究——基于GIS的近代上海法租界个案研究(1898—1914)

Research on the Change of Land Use in the Urban Fringe of Modern Shanghai: A Case Study of French Concession Supported by GIS ( 1898—1914)

本文以上海法租界为研究个案,利用法租界公董局档案、上海道契等文献资料,运用GIS空间分析方法,复原了城市边缘区土地利用转变的过程,并分析了促成土地利用转型的驱动因素。本文研究表明,近代上海城市边缘区土地利用方式转变,是由界外筑路与洋人租地主导的:越界筑路从根本上破坏了上海圩田农业赖以生存的河浜体系,而洋人租地则导致了土地产权的转移。筑路与洋商租地之间的互动关系,导致了地权以及地块形态的重新组合,这就彻底打破了原有的农业为基础的土地利用方式。不再以农业生产为目的,而是以居住、货栈、商业生产或房地产业为目的,进而推动了土地利用由农业向城市的转型。

Taking＂French Concession＂as a case study,this paper employs the datum of governmental documents,＂Title Deed＂（道契） ,etc,adopting the GIS spatial analysis technique to study the spacetime evolving process of the land use,and find out the driving factors.The result shows the change of land use was caused by the roads paved by the French Concession Council and the land lent to foreigners.The newly paved roads destroyed the river system necessary for agriculture,and the land lent to foreigners changed the function of land from the agricultural to the non-agricultural.And these roads resulted in the change of the shape of the plots and the redistribution of land property.All of these led to a new structure of agriculture,and the pattern of land use had changed with the core from agriculture to inhabitation,commerce and real estate.