珍稀油料树种琴叶风吹楠种子含油量及脂肪酸成分分析

Oil Content and Fatty Acid Components in Seeds of Horsfieldia pandurifolia (a Rare Oil Tree Species) in Yunnan

对西双版纳采集并且经过风干处理的琴叶风吹楠种子采用索氏提取法提取油脂,测定种仁含油率,并对所提取的油脂进行甲酯化处理后用气相色谱—质谱联用仪检测其中的脂肪酸成分及含量。结果表明,34株琴叶风吹楠种子种仁含油率为52.48%~71.09%,平均62.97%,属高含油量种子,不同单株间含油率存在极显著差异;种子油中含有17种脂肪酸,含量较高的几种酸分别是十四烷酸（70.19%）、十四碳烯酸（20.37%）、十八碳烯酸（3.95%）、十六烷酸（2.30%）、十八碳二烯酸（1.20%）、十二烷酸（0.63%）,其他酸含量极低。油脂中饱和脂肪酸占73.51%,远高于不饱和脂肪酸的含量,是一种良好的工业原料植物。不同单株间含油量及成分存在差异,有望从中选出含油率高、特定成分高的单株。

The oil content,fatty acid components of Horsfieldia pandurifolia dry seeds collected from Xishuangbanna prefecture were determined by Soxhlet extraction method and gas chromatography-spectrum analysis.The results showed that the oil content in kernel of dry seeds of 34 Horsfieldia pandurifolia trees,which were high oil content seeds,was 52.48%～71.09%,62.97% on average.There was very significant difference in oil content among 34 Horsfieldia pandurifolia trees,there were 17 kinds of fatty acids in Horsfieldia pandurifolia seeds,the content of tetradecanoic acid,mecilenic acid,octadecenoic acid,hexadecanoic acid,octadecadienoic acid and dodecanoic acid was 70.19%,20.37%,3.95%,2.30%,1.20% and 0.63%,respectively,and the content of saturated fatty acids was 73.51%,far higher than that of unsaturated fatty acids.Horsfieldia pandurifolia with high content of oil and saturated fatty acids is a good industrial raw material tree.There are difference in oil content and components of different trees.The trees with high oil content and specific components may be selected from different Horsfieldia pandurifolia trees.