权利与资源关系的实证分析

The Positive Analysis of the Relationship between Right and Resource

权利的实证理论认为,人们能拥有权利,仅仅是自己声明之,他人尊重之,个人的权利取决于其讨价还价的能力;权利理论的唯一合理的基础,是自利个人之间的交换,权利通过自利的个人交换而产生。无权利禀赋者或者无资源者也就无权利,人们享受的权利在很大程度上决定于他们争取权利的能力。权利的规范标准和一个社会的实际状况经常是不一致的,因而很难成功地实现,权利的实证理论往往更符合一个社会的现实,因而权利的实证理论应该作为任何规范分析的基础。

The positive theory of right thinks that it＇ s just a statement of their own and others respect it when people can have fights, and the individual fights depend on their bargaining power. The only reasonable basis of fight theory is the exchange between self - interest individuals. People without fight endowment or resource have no fights, so, individual fights depend, to a great extent, on their power of striving for fight. Between the normative standard of fight and the actual situation of a society is often inconsistent, thus it is difficult to achieve, but the positive theory of right is often accord with the actual situation of a society, thus the positive theory of fight should be the basis for any normative analysis.