中学生运用一般化与特殊化策略解决数学问题的研究

Survey on Middle School Students' Strategies of Generalization and Specialization in Mathematics Problem Solving

在数学认知水平评价体系中,一般化与特殊化是第四层次探究性理解水平的一个重要指标。对上海市某重点初中六至八年级的测试表明,所测试各年级的学生在一般化与特殊化策略与思维上的总体表现较低;特殊化策略及思维的运用好于一般化;低年级学生多运用特殊化的策略,一般化思维运用普遍较差,但随着年级的增加有所提高;特殊化与一般化思维的灵活运用上存在一定思维定势。

In the assessment framework of mathematical cognition level,generalization and specialization are among the key indicators of the highest mathematical cognition levels.This survey on three grades in a key middle school in Shanghai has some initial findings.Firstly,the students＇ overall performance in strategies of generalization and specialization is not good.Secondly,the use of strategies and thought of specialization is better than generalization.Thirdly,low grade students are more likely to use strategies of specialization than to use strategies of generalization,but the situation is changed along with passing grades.Finally,there are some thinking patterns that affect students＇ using of strategy of generalization and specialization.